Brain Death Scenario Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Brain Death Scenario - Term Paper Example The battle intensifies and begins to disrupt the medical and nursing staff. Thesis Brain death is a physiological condition which is underpinned by heavy legal, ethical and medical implications and must therefore be handled with a wholesome and informed approach. Purpose of the paper The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ethical, legal and medical implications that surround brain death, and to divulge on how physicians should handle brain death. a) Ethical Issues Surrounding the Situation One of the ethical issues is that of organ donation or harvesting. The law consents that organs can be harvested from patients who are brain dead, provided that all provisions specified within the law are observed. This is because, brain death can lead to legal death despite the patient’s heartbeats and respiration being sustained through mechanical ventilation, thereby making the sustenance of vital organs for organ transplantation very possible. In this case, it is impossible to carry out organ harvesting since the patient’s brain death has not been conclusively established. This failure to establish the patient’s status precludes the law of any jurisdiction since all laws only give injunctions on where the patient’s status is clear. Thus, whether the patient is an automatic donor or not does not yet apply. In almost the same wavelength, organ transplant cannot be carried out because the consent of the next-of-kin or family members is a prerequisite for organ donation, if the patient had previously not stated his desire to be a donor. Nonetheless, even in this case, organ harvesting and donation will be ethically impossible since the patient’s family members are in total disagreement (Dubler, 2011). Another ethical twist to this matter concerns the scarcity of healthcare or medical resources. Because healthcare or medical resources are scarce and barely able to satisfy its large demand, there is pressure that such resources are extend ed to only viable cases. It is against this backdrop that brain dead patients who are non-organ donors are disconnected from the ventilator and drug support so that cardiac death may subsequently ensue. However, in this case, the patient must not be denied the ventilator, drugs and all manner of healthcare support since it has not yet been established whether the patient is brain-dead or not. Physicians must always diagnose the patient fully, in order to know his status, before administering any form of medical intervention on any patient. The case in point is not only applicable, but is also serious, warranting thorough diagnosis. b) Legal Issues Relating to This Situation Though physicians are the ones who ascertain whether legal criteria of death have been satisfied or not, it is the law that sets the criteria by which the description of death is to be done. Thus, it is important to reiterate the fact that the patient, despite his state of brain death, is legally still alive. The reason for this patient being rendered alive is twofold. First, it is important to note that even when legal indicators of life (respiration and heartbeat) are being artificially run (through the use of a ventilator), the patient is still considered living. Secondly, the law marks death as having taken place upon legal consequences starting to take effect. The most serious legal consequence is the distribution of the patient’s estate either under intestacy or a will. Another consequence is the

Financial Managment IP 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Managment IP 1 - Essay Example The New York Stock Exchange houses many of the largest companies in the United States and trades around 1.5 billion shares each day across the United States and Europe. The companies listed on the stock exchange represent over seventy-five percent of the market share in the nation. Most of the trading is done on the floor of the exchange where specialists and floor traders provide related services. Specialists  are the workers who have the responsibility of matching interested buyers to sellers. Every specialist is responsible for certain shares. These specialists make sure that trading of the stocks and shares they are responsible for occurs in a fair, orderly, competitive, and efficient market. This ensures that all customers will have an equal and fair opportunity to buy shares while the seller receives the best possible price according to the market conditions present at that time. They also work to prevent any large and unjust fluctuations in the prices of the shares between c onsecutive sales. The floor traders are the people present on the floor of the stock exchange waving their hands and making gestures to make trades. These are the members of the NYSE who trade for their own account, however they can serve as floor brokers for buyers and sell their services. Lastly the NYSE uses a SuperDOT system through which the specialists handle orders from brokers that are not on the floor. The system enables brokers to send messages through a common message switch to the proper specialist’s trading-floor workplace. These specialists then handle the buying and selling of the selected shares and as they become available they send an acceptance using the same switch to the originating brokerage firms. The National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations uses three separate processes for the buying and selling of shares. These include the interface, the matching engine and the quote services. The interface electronically connects the buyers an d sellers as they enter their trades with the brokers. These trades then come into the NASDAQ system through hundreds of computers. The quote services provides up-to-date minute price quotes through its computers. Brokers then use these quotes for the people they deal with. Lastly the matching engine connects the buyers and sellers when the prices they offer match. Once this is done information is sent to the brokers of the buyer and seller who then complete the transaction. This information can also be seen through the quote services facility by any person interested in the transaction. The process is not as simple as it seems because numerous transactions take place simultaneously, therefore thousands of computers and brokers are needed to complete every transaction. Both the New York Stock Exchange and the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations sell shares of the companies listed on their exchanges. These organizations use brokers which help in connecting buyers and sellers. There is increase in the use of machines as both organizations have a highly developed computer system which speeds up the trading process and aids the buyer and seller to negotiate. However as the name suggests NASDAQ is run mainly by machines where the interface connects the customers with each other and the matching engine finds suitable trades. On the other hand NYSE is still labour-oriented